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Thread: Circle vs pie segment collision detection

  1. #1

    Circle vs pie segment collision detection?

    Hi all,
    I have added to The Probe a new element, a Sentry object (see figure 1). This object sweeps a beam (shaped like a pie segment) around itself (see figure 2), and I now want to add collision detection so that I know when the beam is touching the player.

    Figure 1
    sentry.jpg

    Figure 2
    circle vs pie segment collision.png

    I know the beam center point, the radius, and the width (angle).

    I know the player center point, the radius.

    Any ideas as to how I can quickly return true if the beam is over the circle representing the player?

    cheers,
    Paul
    Last edited by paul_nicholls; 26-10-2010 at 11:00 PM.

  2. #2
    Co-Founder / PGD Elder WILL's Avatar
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    Well for a circle, if you know the centre, just use a simple distance calculation to determine if it's inside it. If you need only a 'slice' (or beam as you mentioned) to be detected, get the two angles of the line segments from centre and determine if it's within those.

    I don't have my AdvancedMath.pas unit handy or I'd throw up the function for you.

    For your solution you'd need to compare distance then determine the angle of the object to your sentry object's beam emitter. Once you have all of that information, just use the angles of your beam arcs and the rest is comparison. Just be 0/360 conscious when doing your angle range checks.
    Jason McMillen
    Pascal Game Development
    Co-Founder





  3. #3
    I am already comparing the distance between the circle and the beam, I just wasn't sure how to compare a circle against the two angles...

    hmm...I might try looking at dot products or similar + the line normal and see if I can test against the 2 lines and circle that way

    cheers,
    Paul

  4. #4
    An idea: transform the object/player coordinates to polar (you know: <angle, distance>) relative to the origin of your beam. In pseudocode:
    Code:
      IF vector_length (object.position - beam.position) < beam.radius THEN
        new_object.position := object.position - beam.position;
        polar_object := polar (new_object.position);
        IF polar_object.angle BETWEEN beam.angle1 AND beam.angle2 THEN
          object.hit ();
        END IF;
      END IF;
    No signature provided yet.

  5. #5
    With functions in my lib:
    Code:
    // Angle between 2 vectors, given in radians
    function Angle(src,dest: single): single;
    begin
      result:=src-dest;
      while result<-PI do result:=result+PI*2;
      while result>PI do result:=result-PI*2;
    end;
    
    // By pythagoras a^2+b^2=c^2 you don't need Sqrt() to determine the equality
    function PointInCircle(const p,circle: TVector2f; const radius: single): boolean;
    var x,y: single;
    begin
      x:=circle.x-p.x; y:=circle.y-p.y;
      PointInCircle:=(x*x+y*y)<(radius*radius);
    end;
    And knowing the angle_delta that is half of pie's slice angle, we can count if point is between them:

    Code:
    if PointInCircle(beam.position, player.position, radius) then
      if abs(Angle(beam.angle, angle_from_beam_to_player)) < angle_delta then begin
        Collide;
      end;
    You can also use this for the angle from beam to player:
    Code:
    function Angle(const px1,py1,px2,py2: single): single;
    begin
      result:=arctan2(py2-py1,px2-px1);
      if result<0 then result:=result+PI*2;
    end;
    Last edited by User137; 27-10-2010 at 01:02 PM.

  6. #6
    @?ëu?±o Mart??nez and User137: thanks guys, but you seem to have overlooked the fact that I want to check if a circle, not a point is between the 2 angle

    cheers,
    Paul

  7. #7
    indeed it would have been a lot easier if it was a point vs pie. but anyway, I just had a quick look into the problem and here's what I came up with:
    Code:
    TCircle = record
      public
        c: TG2Vec2;
        r: Single;
      end;
    
      TPie = record
      public
        c: TG2Vec2;
        r: Single;
        AngStart: Single;
        AngEnd: Single;
      end;
    ...
    function CircleVsPieIntersect(const c: TCircle; const p: TPie): Boolean;
      var v1, v2, n1, n2, n3, a1, a2: TG2Vec2;
      var d1, d2, l: Single;
    begin
      l := (c.c - p.c).Len;
      if l > c.r + p.r then
      begin
        Result := False;
        Exit;
      end;
      G2SinCos(p.AngStart, v1.y, v1.x);
      G2SinCos(p.AngEnd, v2.y, v2.x);
      n3 := -(v1 + v2);
      if (n3.Dot(c.c) > n3.Dot(p.c))
      and (l > c.r) then
      begin
        Result := False;
        Exit;
      end;
      n1 := v1.Perp; if n1.Dot(v1 - v2) < 0 then n1 := -n1;
      n2 := v2.Perp; if n2.Dot(v2 - v1) < 0 then n2 := -n2;
      d1 := n1.Dot(p.c) + c.r;
      d2 := n2.Dot(p.c) + c.r;
      if (n1.Dot(c.c) > d1)
      or (n2.Dot(c.c) > d2) then
      begin
        Result := False;
        Exit;
      end;
      a1 := p.c + v1 * p.r;
      a2 := p.c + v2 * p.r;
      if (
        (n1.Dot(c.c) > n1.Dot(p.c))
        and (v1.Dot(c.c) > v1.Dot(a1))
        and ((c.c - a1).Len > c.r)
      )
      or (
        (n2.Dot(c.c) > n2.Dot(p.c))
        and (v2.Dot(c.c) > v2.Dot(a2))
        and ((c.c - a2).Len > c.r)
      ) then
      begin
        Result := False;
        Exit;
      end;
      Result := True;
    end;
    this is not a best solution, just my solution
    One limitation though, the algorithm will consider the pie to be the lesser part of the circle.
    for example if the angle of your pie is > 180 then the algorithm will reverse the pie and use its smaller part.
    so basically if you use a pie with an angle < 180, the algorithm will work.
    There are a few methods from my game engine, so if you have any trouble understanding them - let me know.

  8. #8
    Nice! Thanks Dan...I will modify it and see if it works for me

    EDIT hmm...is TG2Vec2 a class or a record with methods?

    cheers
    Paul
    Last edited by paul_nicholls; 28-10-2010 at 03:17 AM.

  9. #9
    it's a record:
    Code:
    TG2Vec2 = record
      strict private
        function GetArr(const Index: Integer): Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        procedure SetArr(const Index: Integer; const Value: Single); {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
      public
        x, y: Single;
        property Arr[const Index: Integer]: Single read GetArr write SetArr; default;
        class operator Negative(const v: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Explicit(const v: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2Ref;
        class operator Explicit(const v: TG2Vec2Ref): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Explicit(const v: TPoint): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Implicit(const v: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2Ref;
        class operator Implicit(const v: TG2Vec2Ref): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Implicit(const v: TPoint): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Equal(const v1, v2: TG2Vec2): Boolean;
        class operator NotEqual(const v1, v2: TG2Vec2): Boolean;
        class operator Add(const v1, v2: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Add(const v: TG2Vec2; const s: Single): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Subtract(const v1, v2: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Subtract(const v: TG2Vec2; const s: Single): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Multiply(const v1, v2: TG2Vec2): Single;
        class operator Multiply(const v: TG2Vec2; const s: Single): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Multiply(const v: TG2Vec2; const m: TG2Mat): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Multiply(const v: TG2Vec2; const m: TG2Mat2): TG2Vec2;
        class operator Divide(const v: TG2Vec2; const s: Single): TG2Vec2;
        procedure SetValue(const _X, _Y: Single); {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        procedure Normalize; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Normalized: TG2Vec2; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Len: Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function LenSq: Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Dot(const v: TG2Vec2): Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Cross(const v: TG2Vec2): Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Angle(const v: TG2Vec2): Single; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Perp: TG2Vec2; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Reflect(const n: TG2Vec2): TG2Vec2; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
        function Rotate(const Angle: Single): TG2Vec2; {$IFDEF G2_USE_INLINE} inline; {$ENDIF}
      end;
    if you want I could just attach the whole math unit here.

  10. #10
    Thanks

    That would probably be easier

    cheers,
    Paul

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